Pilgrim Airlines was founded in 1962 by Joe Fugare (first revenue flight took place on 1 April
of that year) to provide commuter service from New London/Groton to New York's JFK
Airport initally using Piper Comanches seconded from his New London Flying Service FBO.
He was formerly engaged in charter services from New London/Groton (home of General
Dynamics Electric Boat Division) to Washington, D.C. but that business was usurped when
Allegheny started up regular scheduled services. However, the need to transport GE exec-
utives to and from JFK provided him his nucleus route. This was later expanded to include
routes linking Bradley International (Hartford) with Bridgeport, New Haven, and New London
on a daily basis. Boston was later added to the network. A modest fleet of three Beech D18s
and a couple of Piper Aztecs were used, including at least one Volpar Turboliner. (Photos, any-
one?). In October 1966, Pilgrim became the first US carrier to operate the DHC-6 Twin Otter.
The aircraft seen above in this nice shot by Tom Hildreth was not one of the early ones, but was
a "previously owned" example acquired in 1970 from (the then) defunct Aero Commuter in Los
Angeles. Pilgrim's first Twin Otter N121PM (c/n 14) is seen below at Logan Airport, Boston in
May of 1981 in a shot by Bob Garrard. By that time the airline had discarded the well known
"Pilgrim's Hat" logo for this ("Scenic Airlines"-type) rainbow livery. (Not nearly so distinctive, in
my mind, as the original markings). Anyway, more on N127PM above: On 21 Feb 1982 on
a flight from New London/Groton to Boston, fire broke out in the cockpit. The captain attempted
a landing at Providence, RI, but in the event this was aborted and the aircraft forced landed on a
frozen reservoir nearby. The port main gear collapsed and the starboard wing was sheared off,
resulting in a total write off of the Twin Otter. One of the ten passengers aboard succumbed to
fatal injuries.

Ceased operations 2000
Hubs
Boston Logan International Airport
LaGuardia Airport
John F. Kennedy International Airport
Fleet size See Fleet below
Destinations See Destinations served below
Company slogan Fly BizEx Jets!
Parent company AMR Eagle Holding Corp. after 1998
Headquarters Westport, Connecticut, later Portsmouth, New Hampshire, finally Dover, New Hampshire, United States
Business Express Airlines (IATA: HQ), often referred to as Business Express or BizEX, was an American regional airline founded as Atlantic Air in 1982. In an effort to appeal with its predominantly business commuter clientele, the airline assumed the Business Express name in 1985. In 1986 Pilgrim Airlines (Groton/New London), which itself had acquired NewAir (New Haven) about a year prior, was acquired by the airline. This opened valuable New York and Washington, D.C. markets. Shortly thereafter, Business Express become one of Delta Air Lines's first Delta Connection carriers, along with Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Comair and SkyWest Airlines.

Business Express utilized the FAA designator of "GAA", and the airline code of "HQ". The radio callsign was BizEx. At one point it was headquartered in Westport, Connecticut. In 1995 BizEx was headquartered in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[2] Later in its life BizEX was headquartered in Dover, New Hampshire. In 1998 the airline tried to relocate its headquarters and maintenance facility to the south side of Portland International Jetport. The airline ultimately did not move its headquarters and maintenance facility.[4]

History
Business Express expanded its existing route structure into Canada in 1989 through the acquisition of Mall Airways, a commuter airline based in Albany, New York, with routes to Toronto, Montreal, and Ottawa. In the mid-1990s, the airline negotiated an unconventional second code share agreement with Northwest Airlines, becoming the Northwest Airlink regional affiliate in New England and Eastern Canada. In September 1997, the branding scheme expanded to include a third partner, American Airlines, affiliated first as American Connection, and later as an integral carrier under the American Eagle program. These new affiliations were part of a broader expansion scheme that included longer-range flying beyond the Northeast, enhanced mainline flight bank integration and operation of jet aircraft.

'Fly BEX Jets!'

Pilgrim Airlines Fokker F27-100 Friendship
The jet age arrived at Business Express through acquisition of Pilgrim Airlines in 1986. Through this transaction, the growing airline acquired a single Fokker F28 Fellowship twin jet aircraft, but chose not to operate it due to concerns of profitability. In the mid-1990s, Business Express became the first Delta Connection regional carrier to operate jet aircraft, predating deliveries of Canadair and Embraer Regional Jets to Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Comair, and SkyWest Airlines. In 1994, the airline obtained five BAe146-200, 69-passenger regional jets, from Discovery Airways, and placed an order for twenty new Avro RJ-70s in the same year. Jet routes included international feeder service to Delta's transatlantic hub at JFK, with service to Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport.

Boston-based jet service included service along the Eastern Seaboard to Baltimore, Norfolk, and Richmond. Although long-coveted, Business Express was unable to operate the BAe-146 on the lucrative Boston Logan-Washington National sector due to landing slot restrictions on four-engine aircraft, and a primary reason these units did not succeed as significant revenue generators for the airline. In an effort to establish a larger regional identity, Business Express launched the 'Fly BEX Jets' program in 1994 on the Boston-Baltimore-Washington sector. The aggressive marketing scheme offered free round-trip flight vouchers for every round-trip flown on BAe-146 aircraft. The program was popular and heightened awareness, however failed to generate significant revenue.

Using its radial approach to route development, Business Express launched service to Milwaukee's General Mitchell International Airport in 1994, competing directly with Midwest Express. The carrier operated two daily nonstop flights in the marketplace with 70-passenger Avro RJ-70 aircraft, but generated lower-than-anticipated passenger traffic, and suspended the service in January 1995. Apart from its independent Northwest Airlink codeshare on Minneapolis-Aspen/Snowmass service, Milwaukee was the westernmost destination of the fully integrated BEX system. Its severely weather-affected market in the Northeast, Canada, and Upper Midwest made Southern routes both attractive and potentially feasible. Nevertheless, Business Express was unable to penetrate Southern vacation travel markets due to overlap with other Delta Connection carriers in Cincinnati and Atlanta. The airline lacked true 'feed' into one of Delta's largest mainline hubs. Constricted by a fierce operating culture in the Northeast and lack of viable markets, Business Express was unable to identify a consistently profitable market for its jet aircraft. The airline never took full delivery of the Avro RJ-70 order. BAe146-200s were replaced by five Avro RJ70s that operated primarily in the New York to Cleveland and Detroit markets, as well as between Boston and Baltimore, Norfolk, and Richmond.

With the jet program launch, a new and fully integrated interior overhaul was undertaken beginning in 1993. Aircraft seating featured a distinctive gray-on-gray horizontal stripe and red accented fabric. Eventually, all Saab 340 airframes were outfitted with standard upholstery featured in the BAe 146-200 jets. Although distinctive, the fabric program was replaced by all-leather seating beginning in 1997. Saab 340 aircraft were redeployed with blue leather seats featuring a slimmer profile and ergonomically advanced design. These aircraft joined the American Eagle fleet for American Airlines with comparable interiors to its existing equipment.

Hub expansion
Business Express embarked a significant route and fleet expansion beginning in 1993, although its facilities at hub airports Boston Logan International Airport, and New York City's LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy International airports were unable to effectively accommodate the influx in passenger boardings and aircraft movements. In May 1995, the carrier inaugurated a major expansion and renovation of its primary passenger hub at Boston Logan. Negotiated as a direct lease with Massport, this long-awaited facilities upgrade substantially increased gate and ramp space in the "C" concourse. Enhancements included improved Americans with Disabilities Act compliance, new airside elevators, upgraded signage, and refurbishment of all passenger lounge areas. Gatehouse expansion allowed the airline to reduce remote bus boardings, whereby 80 percent of the airline's daily departures were serviced directly from the terminal. Service was increased to both Bangor and Portland in Maine utilizing Avro RJ-70 jets and Saab 340 aircraft. Additional round-trip service was added between Boston Logan and Washington National Airport, bringing the total number of roundtrips to five daily, in addition to Delta's three mainline flights. At this time, Business Express was Boston's largest airline, operating 158 daily departures.

Operating as Northwest Airlink, Business Express Airlines initiated service to Aspen/Snowmass from Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport during the 1995-1996 ski season. The airline offered two daily nonstops utilizing 69-passenger Avro RJ-70 jet aircraft. These flights required seasonal repositioning of dedicated equipment, and were scheduled to coordinate with Northwest Airlines flight banks from their Minneapolis/St. Paul hub.

In November 1998, Business Express Airlines announced service between Presque Isle, Maine's Northern Maine Regional Airport from Boston Logan commencing with four daily round trip flights.

Purchase by AMR
In December 1998, Business Express Airlines announced that AMR Eagle Holding Corp., a unit of AMR Corporation and parent of American Eagle Airlines and Executive Airlines would purchase the airline. Business Express had been operating as an American affiliate under the branding of American Connection at Boston Logan International Airport for only sixteen months prior to this announcement. All privately held Business Express stock was acquired by AMR Eagle Holding from several shareholders including the Philadelphia-based investment firm Dimeling, Schreiber & Park. Specific terms of the agreement were not disclosed.

The agreement was a lucrative move for American Airlines which like AMR Eagle Holdings was also a subsidiary of AMR Corporation, by offering the mainline carrier prime gate opportunities and landing slots at Boston Logan, New York LaGuardia, and Washington National airports, plus acquisition of an outstanding order of Embraer ERJ 135 jets. The airline held twenty firm orders and forty options for Embraer equipment with first deliveries scheduled in August 1999. By late 1999, Business Express began returning its forty-three Saab 340 aircraft, including (twenty-three A models, twenty B models) to their lessor. In late 2000, the airline ceased independent existence when operations were transferred to American Eagle. One of the final flights was a run from the Boston Logan hub to the maintenance base in Bangor, Maine